1885 (MDCCCLXXXV Roman numerals are a numeral system of ancient Rome based on letters of the alphabet, which are combined to signify the sum of their values. The first ten Roman numerals are) was a common year starting on Thursday This is the calendar for any common year starting on Thursday . Examples: Gregorian years 1998, 2009 & 2015 or Julian year 1915 (see bottom tables). This is the only common year with three occurrences of Friday the 13th (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter gravissimas. The reformed calendar was adopted later that year by a handful of countries, with other countries (or a common year starting on Tuesday This is the calendar for any common year starting on Tuesday . Examples: Gregorian years 2002, 2013 & 1991 or Julian year 1919 (see bottom tables) of the 12-day slower Julian calendar The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC . It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12).

Events of 1885

January–March

• Chile Chile (traditional English pronunciation /ˈtʃɪli/, also pronounced /ˈtʃiːleɪ/ ), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders's Matrimony and Civil Registry laws come into effect.
• January 4 January 4 is the fourth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 361 days remaining until the end of the year – The first successful appendectomy An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. This procedure is normally performed as an emergency procedure, when the patient is suffering from acute appendicitis. In the absence of surgical facilities, intravenous antibiotics are used to delay or avoid the onset of sepsis; it is now recognized that many cases will resolve is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside.
• January 20 January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 345 days remaining until the end of the year – L.A. Thompson patents the roller coaster The roller coaster is a popular amusement ride developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. LaMarcus Adna Thompson patented the first coasters on January 20, 1885. In essence a specialized railroad system, a roller coaster consists of a track that rises in designed patterns, sometimes with one or more inversions that turn the rider.
• January 24 January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 341 days remaining until the end of the year – Edge Hill College opens in Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool is the fourth largest city in the United Kingdom (third largest in England) and has a population of 435,500, and lies at the centre of the wider
• January 26 January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 339 days remaining until the end of the year – Troops loyal to the Mahdi In Shia and Sunni eschatology, the Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on Earth for seven, nine or nineteen years (according to various interpretations) before the Day of Judgment (yawm al-qiyamah / literally, the Day of Resurrection) and, alongside Jesus, will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice and tyranny Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah (August 12, 1844 – June 22, 1885) was a Sufi sheikh of the Samaniyya order in Sudan who, on June 29, 1881, proclaimed himself as the Mahdi or messianic redeemer of the Islamic faith. His proclamation came during a period of widespread resentment among the Sudanese population of the oppressive policies of the Turco- conquer Khartoum Khartoum is the capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile flowing west from Ethiopia. The location where the two Niles meet is known as "al-Mogran". The main Nile continues to flow north towards Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea.
• February 5 February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 329 days remaining until the end of the year – King Léopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State The Congo Free State was a government privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians through a dummy non-governmental organization, the Association Internationale Africaine. Leopold was the sole shareholder and chairman, who increasingly used it for rubber, copper and other minerals in the upper Lualaba River basin . The state included as a personal possession.
• February 7 February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 327 days remaining until the end of the year – The play La vida alegre y muerte triste by dramatist José Echegaray José Echegaray y Eizaguirre was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, statesman, and the one of the leading Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century opens.
• February 9 February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 325 days remaining until the end of the year – The first Japanese Japan is an island state in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is arrive in Hawaii The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles . At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The last is by.
• February 21 February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 313 days remaining until the end of the year – United States President The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers Chester A. Arthur Chester Alan Arthur was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th Vice President under James Garfield. While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19 of that dedicates the Washington Monument The Washington Monument is an obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate the first U.S. president, General George Washington. The monument, made of marble, granite, and sandstone, is both the world's tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing 555 feet 5⅛ inches .[n 1] There are.
• February 23 February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 311 days remaining until the end of the year – A British executioner fails to hang Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature. The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", although it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain "hanging" John 'Babbacombe' Lee. Lee, sentenced for the murder of Emma Keyse, has his sentence commuted to life imprisonment Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime where the convicted person is to remain in prison for the rest of his or her life. Examples of crimes for which a person could receive this sentence include: murder, high treason, severe or violent cases of drug or human trafficking, or aggravated cases of burglary or robbery.
• February 26 February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 308 days remaining until the end of the year – The final act of the Berlin Conference regulates European Europe is one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus region (Specification of borders) and the Black Sea to the southeast. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean and colonization and trade in Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area. With a billion people (as of 2009, see table) in 61 territories, it accounts for about 14.72% of the world's human population.
• February 28 February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 306 days remaining until the end of the year – February concludes without having a full moon.
• March March (help·info) is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, and one of the seven months which are 31 days long–May May (help·info) is the fifth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. It is also a month within the northern season of spring – The North-West Rebellion is suppressed in Canada The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled, along the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three.
• March 3 March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 303 days remaining until the end of the year – A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), is incorporated in New York New York City, which is geographically the largest city in the state and most populous in the United States, is known for its history as a gateway for immigration to the United States and its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is also a destination of choice.
• March 4 March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 302 days remaining until the end of the year – Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times—in 1884, 1888, succeeds Chester A. Arthur Chester Alan Arthur was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th Vice President under James Garfield. While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19 of that as President of the United States The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States.
• March 14 March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 292 days remaining until the end of the year – W. S. Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator best known for his fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, of which the most famous include H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and one of the most frequently performed works in the history of musical theatre, and Arthur Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO was an English composer, of Irish and Italian descent, best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert, including such continually popular works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado. Sullivan's artistic output included 23 operas, 13 major orchestral works, eight choral's The Mikado The Mikado or, The Town of Titipu is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. It opened on March 14, 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the opens at the Savoy Theatre The Savoy Theatre is a West End theatre located in the Strand in the City of Westminster, London, England. The theatre opened on 10 October 1881 and was built by Richard D'Oyly Carte on the site of the old Savoy Palace as a showcase for the popular series of comic operas of Gilbert and Sullivan, which became known as the Savoy Operas as a result.
• March 26 – The Times reports that "A lady well-known in literary and scientific circles" has been cremated by the Cremation Society in Woking, Surrey. Jeannette C. Pickersgill is the first person to be officially cremated in the United Kingdom.
• March 26 – The Prussian government, motivated by Otto von Bismarck, expels all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship from Prussia in the Prussian deportations.
• March 30 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident, which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire.
• March 31 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.^{[citation needed]}

April–June

• April 2 – The battle of Frog Lake, Alberta between the Cree and mounties.
• April 3 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his 1-cylinder water-cooled engine design.
• April 11 – Luton Town Football Club are created by the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C..
• April 30 – A bill is signed in the New York State legislature forming the Niagara Falls State Park.
• May 2
  • Good Housekeeping Magazine goes on sale for the first time.
  • North-West Rebellion – Battle of Cut Knife: Cree and Assiniboine warriors win their largest victory over Canadian forces.
  • The Congo Free State is established by King Léopold II of Belgium.
• May 9–May 12 – Battle of Batoche: Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on Métis rebels.
• June 17 – The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.
• June 23 – Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury becomes British Prime Minister.
• June 24 – Randolph Churchill becomes Secretary of State for India.

July–September

• July 6 – Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
• July 14 – Sarah E. Goode is the first female African-American to apply for and receive a patent, for the invention of the hideaway bed.
• July 15 – The Reservation at Niagara Falls opens, enabling access to all for free. Thomas V. Welch is the first Superintendent of the Park.
• July 20 – Professional football (soccer) is legalized in Britain.
• July 28 – Louis Riel's trial for treason begins in Regina.
• August 19 – S Andromedae, the only supernova seen in the Andromeda Galaxy so far by astronomers, and the first ever noted outside the Milky Way, is discovered.
• September 2 – The Rock Springs Massacre occurs in Rock Springs, Wyoming; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
• September 6 – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria, completing the Unification of Bulgaria.
• September 8 – Saint Thomas Academy is founded in Minnesota.
• September 12 – Arbroath 36-0 Bon Accord, the highest score ever in professional soccer.
• September 15 – A train wreck of the P.T. Barnum Circus kills giant elephant Jumbo.
• September 18 – The union of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria is proclaimed at Plovdiv.
• September 30 – A British force abolishes the Boer republic of Stellaland and adds it to British Bechuanaland.

October–December

• October 13 – The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta, Georgia as the Georgia School of Technology.
• November – The Third Burmese War begins.
• November 7 – Canadian Pacific Railway: In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ends on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald considers the project to be vital to Canada due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
• November 14–November 28 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: Serbia declares war against Bulgaria but is defeated in the Battle of Slivnitsa on November 17–November 19.
• November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian rebel leader of the Métis, is executed for high treason.
• December 1 – The U.S. Patent Office acknowledges this date as the day Dr Pepper is served for the very first time; the exact date of Dr Pepper's invention is unknown.
• December 28 – 72 Indian lawyers, academics and journalists gather in Bombay to form the Congress Party.

Undated

• The Benz Patent Motorwagen, the first purpose-built automobile, is built.
• The first genuine safety bicycle, the Rover, is built by John K Starley, the nephew of James Starley of Coventry Company.
• A cholera outbreak occurs in Spain.
• The Committee of Fifteen tries to expel all remaining Chinese from the Puget Sound area.
• Nikola Tesla sells a number of his patents to George Westinghouse.
• Millwall F.C. are founded by workers on the Isle of Dogs as Millwall Rovers.
• The first skyscraper (the Home Insurance Building) is built in Chicago, Illinois, USA (10 floors).
• Bicycle Playing Cards are first produced.
• SSAFA Forces Help (British charity) is established.
• Camp Dudley, the oldest continually running boys' camp in America, is founded.
• John Ormsby publishes his new English translation of Don Quixote, acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th Century.
• Michigan Technological University (originally Michigan Mining School) opens its doors for the first time in what is now the Houghton County Fire Hall.

Births

January–June

• January 6 – Florence Turner, American actress (d. 1946)
• January 8 – John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1945)
• January 11
  • Jack Hoxie, American actor, rodeo performer (d. 1965)
  • Alice Paul, American women's rights activist (d. 1977)
• January 16 – Zhou Zuoren, Chinese writer (d. 1967)
• January 21 – Umberto Nobile, Italian politician and airship designer (d. 1978)
• January 26 – Michael Considine, Australian politician (d. 1959)
• January 27
  • Jerome Kern, American composer (d. 1945)
  • Eduard Künneke, German composer (d. 1953)
  • Harry Ruby, American musician, composer, and writer (d. 1974)
• February 1 – Friedrich Kellner, German diarist, (d. 1970)
• February 7 – Sinclair Lewis, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
• February 9 – Alban Berg, Austrian composer (d. 1935)
• February 13 – Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (d. 1982)
• February 13 – George Fitzmaurice, French-American Motion Picture director (d. 1940)
• February 14 – Syed Zafarul Hasan, Muslim philosopher (d. 1949)
• February 15 – Princess Alice of Battenberg (d. 1969)
• February 21 – Sacha Guitry, Russian-born dramatist, writer, director, and actor (d. 1957)
• February 24
  • Chester Nimitz, U.S. admiral (d. 1966)
  • Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1939)
• March 6 – Ring Lardner, American writer (d. 1933)
• March 7 – John Tovey, British admiral of the fleet (d. 1971)
• March 11 – Sir Malcolm Campbell, English land and water racer (d. 1948)
• March 14 – Raoul Lufbery, World War I American pilot (d. 1918)
• March 31 – Pascin, Bulgarian painter (d. 1930)
• April 1 – Wallace Beery, American actor (d. 1949)
• April 3 – Allan Dwan, Canadian-born film director (d. 1981)
• April 4 – Bee Ho Gray, Wild West star, silent film actor and vaudeville performer (d. 1951)
• April 13 – Vean Gregg, American baseball player (d. 1964)
• April 17 – Karen Blixen, Danish author (d. 1962)
• May 2 – Hedda Hopper, American columnist (d. 1966)
• May 5 – Agustín Pío Barrios, Paraguayan guitarist and composer (d. 1944)
• May 7 – George 'Gabby' Hayes, American actor (d. 1969)
• May 9 – Eduard C. Lindeman, American social worker and author (d. 1953)
• May 12 – Paltiel Daykan, Russian-born Israeli jurist (d. 1969)
• May 14 – Otto Klemperer, German conductor (d. 1973)
• May 21
  • Oscar A.C. Lund, Swedish film actor, director, and writer (d. 1963)
  • Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, consort of William of Wied, Prince of Albania (d. 1936)
• May 24- Susan Sutherland Isaacs, educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (d.1948)
• May 22 – Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (d. 1957)
• June 5 – Georges Mandel, French politician and World War II hero (d. 1944)
• June 9 – John Edensor Littlewood, British mathematician (d. 1977)
• June 14 – E. L. Grant Watson, writer, anthropologist, and biologist (d. 1970)
• June 19 – John Palm, Curaçao born composer (d. 1925)
• June 22 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (d. 1962)

July–December

• July 4 – Louis B. Mayer, American film producer (d. 1957)
• July 14 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959)
• July 28 – Monte Attell, American boxer (d. 1960)
• August 1 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
• August 7 – Billie Burke, American actress (d. 1970)
• September 11 – D. H. Lawrence, English author (d. 1930)
• September 22 – Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1951)
• September 22 – Erich Von Stroheim, motion picture actor & director (d. 1957)
• October 3 – Sophie Treadwell, American playwright and journalist (d. 1970)
• October 7 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
• October 11 – François Mauriac, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
• October 24 – Rachel Katznelson-Shazar, Zionist political figure and wife of third President of Israel (d. 1975)
• October 30 – Ezra Pound, American poet (d. 1972)
• November 2 – Harlow Shapley, American astronomer (d. 1972)
• November 5 – Will Durant, American philosopher and writer (d. 1981)
• November 8 – Eva Morris, last surviving person documented as born in 1885 (d. 2000)
• November 9 (October 28 (O.S.)) – Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian poet (d. 1922)
• November 11
  • George Patton, American general (d. 1945)
  • Edgar J. Kaufmann, American merchant and patron of Fallingwater (d. 1955)
• November 15 – Frederick Handley-Page, British aviation pioneer & aircraft company founder (d. 1962)
• November 20 – Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1970)
• December 2 – George Minot, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1950)
• December 19 – Joe "King" Oliver, American jazz musician (d. 1938)

Deaths

January–June

• January 11 – Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia (b. 1805)
• January 26 – Charles "Chinese" Gordon, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1833)
• February 1 – Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, inventor (b. 1850)
• February 8 – Nikolai Severtzov, Russian explorer and naturalist (b.1827)
• March 12 – Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (b. 1834)
• April 2 – Justo Rufino Barrios, Central American leader (b. 1835)
• April 25 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (b. 1836)
• May 22 – Victor Hugo, French author (b. 1802)
• June 17 – Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel, German field marshal (b. 1809)
• June 22 – Muhammad Ahmad, Mahdi (b. 1844)

July–December

• July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War general and the 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
• August – Aga Khan II, religious leader (b. 1830)
• August 10 – James Wilson Marshall, American contractor and builder of Sutter's Mill (b. 1810)
• August 29 – Moriz Ludassy, Hungarian journalist (b. 1825)
• September 15 – Jumbo, the great elephant & star attraction in PT Barnum's circus (train accident) (b. 1861)
• October 29 – George B. McClellan, American Civil War general (b. 1826)
• November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian leader (hanged for treason) (b. 1844)
• November 24 – Nicolas Avellaneda, Argentine president (b. 1837)
• November 25
  • King Alfonso XII of Spain (b. 1857)
  • Thomas Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States (b. 1819)
• November 26 – Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (b. 1813)
• December 8 – William Henry Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (b. 1821)
• December 15 – Ferdinand II of Portugal, consort of Queen Maria II (b. 1816)

In fiction

• September 2 through September 7 – Dates in which the events of the motion picture Back to the Future Part III take place.

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